The situation South Africa Caused By The Blind Acceptance...

Throughout our existence as a human race, we have each left an everlasting mark on each other that has affected the mental state of every ethnicity and nation. Many times these marks have come to define the very way in which we view our selves in the world society. This is clearly seen in South Africa before, during, and after the apartheid. There we see a group of people who, despite being native to the land, are constantly oppressed by the by a foreign force being the Europeans. In the novel, Cry, The Beloved Country, Alan Paton depicts a stressed South Africa where its people are bent into accepting their place under the rule of their white oppressors. The story revolves primarily around Stephen Kumalo, a priest in a small South African†¦show more content†¦Christ have mercy upon us. White man, have mercy upon us.† (58). It can be understood that this association shows the perception of the blacks to the whites. This is thought and perspective can be equivalent to t he way man looks to the stars, so far above and impossible place to grasp and go. Also, in this quote, Paton is not associating White man with an angry God, but rather white man as a compassionate God. It is clear that this quote is not being said out of fear but instead with absolute necessity and fear of not knowing what to do without God or uncertainty. Lastly, it is important to note that once something is associated as an equivalent of God as this quote has done, it has been made practically irreplaceable. This means that not only have the native Africans have come to accept Christianity as a natural part of South Africa, but they have also admitted that the White man is also a natural part of Africa. From an unbiased viewpoint, the approval of Christianity and the dominance of the White men seen as a blessing can only invite more suffering for South Africa. There is no greater humiliation for a Nation in this world than to lose its native social customs and structures and be f orced to be subject to alien customs from foreign lands. This breeds an inferiority disorder in the natives that mandates that they do not deserve even half as much rights as their white counterparts. In South Africa before and during the Apartheid, there were many lawsShow MoreRelatedNotes18856 Words   |  76 PagesVirtually everything that has gone wrong in Africa since the advent of independence has been blamed on the legacies of colonialism. Is that fair? Virtually all colonial powers had â€Å"colonial missions.† What were these missions and why were they apparently such a disaster? Did any good come out of the African â€Å"colonial experience†? Introduction Colonization of Africa by European countries was a monumental milestone in  ­ the development of Africa. 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Department Stores Free Essays

A department store is a retail establishment preferring wide range of commodities, usually including ready-to-wear apparel, fashion goods, beauty necessities, yard and household goods and further on. Numerous department in which it is divided such as merchandising, advertising, marketing, services, accounting and financial department usually handle it. The first department store in the retailing history was Bennett’s in Derby, it opened in 1734 and it remains in the same building since it’s opening. We will write a custom essay sample on Department Stores or any similar topic only for you Order Now The origin of department stores is related to the industrial revolution in the 19th century and the growth of a consumer society. A wealthy class was growing, dragging with a constantly changing fashion, which created an enabling environment for the expansion of stores in that area. Today, department stores are mainly part of a retailing chain, usually a main department store is located in strategic area of a big city and the others are all around the city, country or sometimes the world. But we can still find independent retailers. â€Å" Vision without action is a day dream. Action without vision is a nightmare. † – Japanese proverb. This applies to marketing. Indeed, establishing a procedure in marketing without planning it in advance will lead to ruin. Before initiation, a plan should be well prepared from it’s begging to its end leaving to chance any step. For a successful marketing plan the contractors have to initially think about the aim. All factors must be taken into consideration before starting the procedure. JC Penney’s case is a relevant example. When the American department store launched its new pricing strategy consisting in the suppression of discounts, heavy promotions, coupons and replacing it by every day low price. The chief executive underestimated the importance granted by costumers to sale and special discounts, which made its plan a big failure. In the fashion industry, when a company needs to launch a new product or line they develop a marketing plan. These plans explain the strategy that will be followed and the details of the procedure in order to legitimize the costs, which will be implied on the company. We can count the main type of marketing plans: the strategic one, where the decision is up to the senior management and the plan is designed to achieve a long-range goal (at least five years), for example a ?10 billion investment plan for Japan’s premier department store, Isetan Shinjuku, based in Tokyo. The outlet has been completely redesigned and transformed into a fashion museum presenting a combination of art, music and films while maintaining its primary function as a department store. The second type is the functional planning, which is a short-term plan up and is up to the middle mangers in key business areas but supervised by front line mangers. This is the kind of marketing planning is used during the Christmas period with the window displays in the biggest department stores, such as Galleries Lafayette in Paris or Selfridges in London, they team up with fashion houses and designers for displays with recurring themes including architecture, fairy-tales and scale play. We can also count the operational planning, a short-term action plan developed by supervisors or front-line mangers to accomplish a specific goal, for example: the case Macy’s plan to open on thanksgiving, while all of its competitors are closed on that day. The goal here is to be the only department store open, generate a tremendous profit in one day. Finally, there is the contingency plan, aiming to get a back up plan ready to cope an anticipated situation if it ever occurs. All of these plans need to be efficiently prepared step by step. According to Phillip Kotler, there are six essential steps for a successful planning. The first one is the situational analysis, where the company examines the Macro forces to highlight its strength and weaknesses. Although these factors can play in the favour of the company, sometimes they can also be barriers in the smooth running of a project. Then comes objectives setting, in order to set its objectives a company have to take into consideration it’s stakeholders, company reputation, technology and other matters of concern. Then, once the goals are set a timetable has to be held to avoid any mishaps. Then the strategy, by choosing which strategy will be pursued to complete the task successfully. The company then sets its mode of action and the path that will be followed during the project. After that comes the tactics, this step is meant to plan what is called in marketing the 4Ps (product, price, place, promotion) but also to schedule the strategy into a calendar. And finally the controls, which lasts throughout the project, since it aims to ensure the effective conduct of each part of the marketing plan and if not then find a solution to remedy the situation. All of these plans differ from one company to another according to its positioning goal. The positioning of a company is what distinguishes it from its competitors, so the ideas in costumers mind when they think about that company. As we can see in the perceptual positioning map above, the customers may see department stores that sell the same product as different. Thereby, the Italian department store, Rinascente, is considered as one of the most fashionable department stores across the world. However, the German department store Kadewe which is ranked equally fashionable is perceived as more luxurious while Debenhams despite the fact that the fashion perception it granted is as high as the two previous stores its luxury perception is lower than both of them. Nowadays, these marketing plans include immense use of technology to improve and facilitate their performance. â€Å"Information technology and business are becoming inextricably interwoven. I don’t think anybody can talk meaningfully about one without talking about the other. † – Bill Gates. Reaching that goal is made possible by the numerous advantages of technology. One of them is social media. Based on telecommunication and social interaction, it is the best way to disclose information and to advertise, but in the same time get live feed back about it. Indeed, markets behaviour is changing, how they are known for talking but not listening and now a new strategy is being implemented known as buzz monitoring. This consists of tracking relevant conversations through the Internet that will allow the  company to get an idea about its level of popularity amongst people, but also what comes to their mind when they think about it. However, a scientifically developed panel is still more effective than social media listening to gather data but then social media is more relevant because costumers are discussing with each other. Indeed, they don’t al ways trust what the company says to them since it is a part of their strategy to only reveal the best about it self, but costumers will talk about their experience and what they honestly think about it as they don’t have any interest in hiding the truth. The beauty department store Sephora belongs to those who knew how to make profit from social networks. Indeed, it manifests its presence in all of the most popular social medias – such as Facebook, micro blogging as Twitter, photo-sharing websites as Pintrest, smartphone photo-sharing application as Instagram, video-sharing websites as YouTube and further more. It takes advantage by finding the purposes other than advertising and buzz monitoring. The department store figured out that customers want beauty advices and tutorials both in store and online, so it started sharing experts’ knowledge and guidance, which will then boost sales. It also promotes loyalty programmes via social medias, offering exclusivities to followers which was obviously a successful marketing plan to gain followers since they count more than 5 million fans on Facebook and more than 1. 8 million followers on Google+. But technology is not used by department stores only for advertising and maintaining a relationship with customers; it is also used for selling purposes. E-shopping makes life easier by a greater availability of products, constant sales and discounts and international shipping. However, the relevance of department stores websites for shopping is still questionable. Indeed, when a retailer selects a brand to work with, it can’t also select the products that will be displayed under that partnership and the brand won’t display all of its collections in the department store. Since then, when it comes to online shopping the brand’s own website is more attractive as there are considerably more options. In the pictures below we can see the example of Adidas and Galleries Lafayette – the French department store- website. While the retailer only sells four bags for both men and women, in the brand website customers can shop up to 218 bags and that’s only for women. The maintenance of this relationship between the business and the customer is based on the principal of communication. Communication is the process of transferring information between senders and receivers, using one or more written, oral, visual, or electronic media. â€Å"The art of communication is the language of leadership.† – James Humes Whatever the idea one person has, even if it is the greatest ever, it won’t be useful for the company if the person doesn’t know how to communicate it, how to explain it and make other people understand what it means. Whether addressing to a superior or an employee if there is a misunderstanding the project will be doomed to failure. Also, for some positions in the workplace one needs to deal with costumers who don’t have the same level of expertise, in such situations good communication skills will be useful to explain intricate things in a simple way. Likewise, the higher the hierarchical position, the lower are the technical skill requirements and the greater are the good communication skill needs. This is explained by the fact that important positions implies dealing with more important people, who are more punctilious when it comes to the way you talk or behave near them. Tough, to be an effective communicator it is necessary to master the different stages of the communication process: To manage this process successfully a behavioural equilibrium has to be found. There are three main types of behaviours: Passive Behaviour involves saying nothing in a response, keeping feelings to yourself, hiding feelings from others, and perhaps even hiding your feelings from yourself. Aggressive Behaviour involves expressing your feelings indirectly through insults, sarcasm, labels, put-downs, and hostile statements and actions. And the third type is Assertive behaviour, which is a balance between both of the preceding behaviours. It involves describing your feelings, thoughts, opinions, and preferences directly to another person in an honest and appropriate way that respects both you and the other person. It is the latter, that is most recommended to adapt in the workplace. Then, the sender needs to decide which communication tool is the most suitable one to the audience and the situation. When it comes to business-to-business communication e-mails are faster, efficient and direct. They say enough without saying too much. While Faxes mark certain indifference since they are limited to the strict minimum. Usually, they should be accompanied with a phone call to give further information or at least show interest from the sender’s part to the receiver. Phone calls can also be used for other purposes; it is a good way to show concern but also to show respect. This leads us to the audience-centred approach which consists in getting to know the audience we are dealing with which is known as the  «you  » attitude. This ability to relate to the need of the others is one of the keys of success of manager leaders. It works both in the Business-to-Business communication and Business-to-Customer communication. In the example below, we can see the example of an advertising campaign of the French department store Galleries Lafayette. The model on the signboard is dressed like the  « perfect  » Parisian, with the beret, the white top and blue pair of jean’s and in addition to amplify the French spirit, on the foreground of the scenery an accordion is shown. All of this staging is meant to flatter Parisian, which are proud of their identity and make them feel that the department store is made for them. Communication skills may also be useful when it comes to marketing communication. Marketing communication is defined as the media tool used to reach a market; it refers to the promotion part of the â€Å"marketing mix† and the â€Å"four Ps† (Price, place, product and promotion). It also refers to the different strategies used while making the promotion of a certain product. The marketing process is divided in five steps: Here, marketing communication starts in the second stage and goes until the fourth one and its primary purpose is to create value for customers and build customer relationship because without customers a company has no reason to exist. To achieve that goal numerous tools can be used. Advertising is one of them, provides a direct line of communication to your existing and prospective customers about your product or service. As here for example, with Harvey Nichols advertising campaign called THE NEW BREED which plays on the luxury stereotype of the handbag dog replacing the traditional Chihuahua by a bull terrier to promote its new involvement into an accessible fashion  « The new breed  ». Public relation is also a tool of marketing communication. Building and keeping good relationships with media is important for the brand/store’s image and reputation. But the art of good public relation also involves being able to manage successfully and adverse publicity. Another tool is sales promotions, commonly used to increase sales in short term, it attracts new customers interested in lower price, which can later become loyal customers depending on their experience in the department store. For example, the British department store Selfridges runs every year  « Christmas comes early  », which consists in Christmas sales earlier than its competitors so it can attract its concurrent customers since they can do their Christmas shopping earlier without paying the high price. To make their promotion, companies use more and more direct mail, which consist in an e-mail address of the receiver by its name and selling him products destined for its target group depending on information the company collected about him in its database. The Internet marketing – as seen previously – also used very much by retailers to sell and promote their products. Sponsorship is a form of indirect marketing that consists of paying an organisation, which will use your brand logo and this way generate publicity. Below are Macy’s areas of sponsorships in 2011 according to IEG Research. Competition in the retailing world has very quickly grown during the last century. Today, to face the concurrence retailers resort to strategies aiming to bring them to the top. To reach that aim different tools are used and mainly communication that builds relationship between department store, stockholders, partners, employees and customers. How to cite Department Stores, Papers

Marketing Management and Consumer Behaviour †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Management and Consumer Behaviour. Answer: Product Product is the most important strategy towards meeting the core needs and demands of the customers. According to Schmidt, Spann and Zeithammer (2014), Product strategy incorporates the features and quality of the products towards meeting the specific needs of the customers. On the other hand, Helm and Gritsch (2014) opined that product strategy also involves the branding, guarantees and warranties of the products of an organization. While considering the product strategy of Fitbit Company, it can be seen that the organization has seven products in the market. These seven products include four wristband style tracker, two clippable activity tracker and smart scale. The products of the organization are mostly used for measuring the number of steps walked, steps climbed, quality of sleep, body fat weight, body mass and many other personal metrics involving fitness (Fitbit.com 2017). The Fibit Flex of the organization only measures the calories, steps and sleeping cycle of the customers. Furthermore, the high end model of Fibit Surge covers broader range of functions like smartwatch and other similar activities. The Fitbit wristwatch effectively track the heart rate and better track the calorie burns, which helps in maximizing the work out level of the customers. Moreover, the unique quality of product of the organization helps in right tracking of the health condition of the customers. The Fitbit watches are used for tracking all day activity, music control and reminder to move (Fitbit.com 2017). In this way, the unique product strategy of Fitbit provides the best way to the customers for keeping them healthy. Price Price strategy refers to the amount, which the customers pay for purchasing a particular product. According to Chng et al. (2015), effective pricing strategy includes the consideration of customer perceived value for the products. On the other hand, Borland and Lindgreen (2013) opined that pricing is an important strategy, which has huge impact on the revenue of the customers. While considering the pricing strategy of Fitbit, it can be seen that the organization uses mixed pricing strategy for selling their health metric products to the customers. Moreover, the organization uses premium pricing for the high end products. However, it uses affordable prices for the normal quality products. The retail prices for the wristbands of the organization are ranged from $99.95 to $249.95. On the other hand, the smart devices like Fitbit scale and Aria are priced at $129.95. The tracker part of the Fitbit Flex can be removed from the wristband and can be inserted into Tory Burch Bracelet or pend ent. In case of pricing the bracelets, the organization considers the materials used in the bracelets. Moreover, depending on the materials used in the bracelets, the bracelets accessories costs around $175, $195 and $38 in respect to leather, metal and silicon materials respectively. Furthermore, the pendent necklaces cost around $175 (Kumar 2015). Promotion Promotion strategy refers to the ways of communication in which the organization communicates with the customers. According to ztamur and Karakad?lar (2014), effective promotion strategy helps in increased interaction with the customers towards enhancing the customer awareness regarding the products and services of an organization. On the other hand, Helm and Gritsch (2014) opined that effective promotion strategy enhances the brand image of the organization to the customers. While considering the promotional strategy of Fitbit, it can be seen that the organization uses mass mediamarketing towards reaching wide customer group. Moreover, the TV advertisement, radio advertisement, newspaper and magazine advertisement for reaching wide section of customer group. Fitbit also uses digital and social media for the reaching large customer bases in shortest period. Social media like Facebook, Twitter and YouTube media helps in attracting new generation customers. Furthermore, the organization also uses Fitbit app has formed online community and social network, which helps the users in sharing and comparing their fitness achievement with their friends (Fitbit.com 2017). In this way, effective promotional strategy of Fitbit helps it towards proper communication with the customers. Place Place strategy assists in providing effective ways of customer access of the products and services. As per Borland and Lindgreen (2013), properly constructed place strategy sets direct and indirect channels for the customers for helping them in accessing the products and services. While considering the place strategy of Fitbit, it can be said that the organization has its own physical stores for selling their products to the customers. Apart from that, the customers can also avail the products of Fitbit in the retail stores. Moreover, retail stores are the most convenient place for the customers towards accessing the products of Fitbit. Furthermore, the most flexible and easy access medium of the Fitbits product is its online shopping option. Moreover, the customers can avail the products of this organization through Amazon and many other online retails (Madhavaram, Granot and Badrinarayanan 2014). Therefore, it can be seen that effective place strategy of Fitbit helps in better acce ssibility of products to the customer. References Borland, H. and Lindgreen, A., 2013. Sustainability, epistemology, ecocentric business, and marketing strategy: Ideology, reality, and vision.Journal of Business Ethics,117(1), pp.173-187. Chng, D.H.M., Shih, E., Rodgers, M.S. and Song, X.B., 2015. Managers marketing strategy decision making during performance decline and the moderating influence of incentive pay.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,43(5), pp.629-647. Fitbit.com. 2017.Fitbit.com. Retrieved 25 November 2017, from https://www.fitbit.com/au/home Helm, R. and Gritsch, S., 2014. Examining the influence of uncertainty on marketing mix strategy elements in emerging business to business export-markets.International Business Review,23(2), pp.418-428. Kumar, V., 2015. Evolution of marketing as a discipline: What has happened and what to look out for.Journal of Marketing,79(1), pp.1-9. Madhavaram, S., Granot, E. and Badrinarayanan, V., 2014. Relationship marketing strategy: an operant resource perspective.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,29(4), pp.275-283. ztamur, D. and Karakad?lar, ?.S., 2014. Exploring the role of social media for SMEs: as a new marketing strategy tool for the firm performance perspective.Procedia-Social and behavioral sciences,150, pp.511-520. Schmidt, K.M., Spann, M. and Zeithammer, R., 2014. Pay what you want as a marketing strategy in monopolistic and competitive markets.Management Science,61(6), pp.1217-1236.

The importance of effective communication towards improving organizational perfomance free essay sample

Hampto,S and Webber (1999,pg204)they defined communication as the exchange of thoughts ,messages or information between sender and receiver and inference of meaning. According to H. F Moore and F. B Kalupa (2005 :84-85) communication is the process of transmitting meaning between individuals. All human society is founded upon the human beings’ capacity to transmit intentions, desires, feelings, knowledge and experience from person to person. Second communication refers to the technical means of indirect or medicated communication embracing media from tribal drums, smoke signal and stone tablets to telegraphy printing, broadcasting and films. Communication is very important in any organization because communication is concerned with selling the image of organization as well as maintaining the relationship between the organization and the publics, also gives an organization a good foundation to work with the surroundings communities better by communicating with his customers to know what to add in production so that to answer the need of his customers. We will write a custom essay sample on The importance of effective communication towards improving organizational perfomance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Without communication in organization it is difficult to answer the need of his customers, to fight against other competitors as well as to create and maintain good relationship between n internal and external stockholders. Therefore the researcher focused to find out the importance of effective communication in an organization so that to achieve the organization objectives. Through a case study of TBL , The study intends to assess the importance of effective communication in improving organisational performance. 1. 1. 2 Historical background of TBL In early 1930, the Wright brothers established a brewery in Dar es Salaam . they did not meet with much success due to competition from cheaper foreign imports. In November 1933 Mr. Bill Tylo build a brewery I Tanganyika which was sited in Dar es salaam ,produced a bear known as tusker as well as tradition beer from maize. in 1936 it was decided to amalgamate Kenya brewers and Tanganyika brewer there by forming, which becomes known as best African brewes LTD. in 1964 when united republic of Tanzania was formed from former republic of Tanganyika and people’s republic of Zanzibar, Tanganyika breweries limit being socialism and self reliance ideology, all activities had to be handled by the state it is useless to say that Tanzania has to a large extent privatized a good number of its parastatal organization. Including Tanzania breweries LTD there was various factors that lead to this unpopular government policy same of which was financial mismanagement misappropriate of both capita and funds luck of serious commitment over or under employment and the like. The researcher through that improper budget planning which either refracted to over expenditure or low generating income was among the factors which contributes to financial problem in many of the privatized companies LTD or instruction including those to be privatized soon or later 1. 4 Research objectives 1. 4. 1 Main objectives The importance of effective communication towards improving organizational performance. 1. 4. 2 Specific objectives To know how effective communication contributes to improving managerial performance in TBL. To identify communication problems faced by the managers in TBL. To suggest means by which method of communication can be improved in TBL. 1. 5 Research questions 1. 5. 1 How effective communication contributes to improving managerial performance? 1. 5. 2 What are the communication problems that TBL face? 1. 5. 3 By What means methods of communication in TBL can be improved? 1. 5. 4 Is there ways to solve the communication problems facing TBL? 1. 6 significance of the study Findings of the study will be of great significance to a number of people and organizations since it brings awareness to people and organizations on what ways that organizations can create and maintain effective communication within organization and the significance of the effective communication towards organizational perfomance. Also the findings will help to create awareness to the publics and organization so that to ensure the effective communication. 1. 7 Limitation of the problem Despite the fact that effective communication is essential to any organization and thus effective communication is of importance in the small organisations as well as big companies, this study concentrated only at one big company (TBL). CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 0 Iintroduction This chapter will explain about related literature review,theoretical frame work, empirical studies as well as research gap 2. 1 Theoretical argument According to H. F Moore and F. B Kalupa (2005 :84-85) communication is the process of transmitting meaning between individuals. All human society is founded upon the human beings’ capacity to transmit intentions, desires, feelings, knowledge and experience from person to person. Second communication refers to the technical means of indirect or medicated communication embracing media from tribal drums, smoke signal and stone tablets to telegraphy printing, broadcasting and films. According to them, communication can be refer in different meaning depending on how it is used and the context. First, communication refers to the special process that makes interactions with human kind possible and enables individuals to be social beings. Communication must involve two/more processes, it is a tow-way exchange to information and understanding is applied. For example, a bulleting-broad announcement is not communication only when the announcement has been made, understanding and knowledge complete the true communication. Therefore even if we use adverts, seminars, face to face meetings and so forth, communication is effective when we get intended feedback and when an idea gets out of our mind into another Effective communication with employees, customer share holders, community neighbors and other publics is essential to good public relations. Relation with people is only established through communication with them. When communication is poor, misunderstanding and the like hood of conflict result. Barriers of successful sharing of thoughts among people in industry, labor, education, the community and government must be overcome by effective communication †¦. For a organization to have good performance it needs to have effective communication inside and outside the organization. Internal communication refers to the exchange between organization management and the internal publics that is the employees. External communication has to do with external public that are consumers, community, neighbors, dealers and distributors, suppliers, government agencies and legislators, educators and the like. The rapid growth of business organization has created various problems in both areas, external communication and internal communication. Communication with consumers, community neighbors, educators and government is increasing in volume and effectiveness. Employee is to be well informed about corporate policies so that they can communicate with the outside publics, communication involves three elements. The sender, the medium of communication and the receiver. The effectiveness of communication depends upon all three elements. If the sender is incompetent on the signal and the communication process fails. Communication is a responsibility of every employ of the institutions. It can be delegate solely to a public relation department everyone should participate, the president, staff and line management, and all rank of file employees. Employees and line executives communicate downward from lower to higher authority, competing the circuit of two – way communication at all levels of managements, there is also informal and horizontal cross communication between executives According to William,V (1992), the efficiency of group depends largely on how well the efforts of its members are coordinated but coordination doesn’t just happen. Satisfactory communication is necessary if possible are to achieve understanding and cooperation. And the higher one is on the organization ladder, the more time and energy he/she will likely devote to communication studies shows that aside from communicating-speaking writing, listening, reading and thinking (interpersonal communication) organization’s top administration does virtually nothing. And indeed there has been fantastic advancement in some areas with the aid of modern electronic equipments, it is possible to, receive, process, store, retrieve and reproduce information in speed to reach huge number of people in the process. If an organization is to succeed in competitive environment, its members will love to do more than just interdependence, they will have to collaborate and work together as a team. However, within many firms a technology skill is critical and grows more. But these skills alone will not guarantee the organization success. Above all, members of the organization must not â€Å"undo† each other. They must avoid every destructive form of competition. Some organization members are infighters back stabbers, or rumor managers. Such members at least in the short run may â€Å"win†. However the organization which tolerates such behavior generally ends up paying a dangerous cost which is the long term deterioration of its human arrest According to Haney (1995:15), trust is needed within the members of an organization and it must genuinely believe that the best way to help themselves and their organization is by being trusted of others and being trust worthy themselves. Communication includes non-verbal communication which might help in establishing trust. But also it suggests how communication/poor communication can lead to destruction. Good communication is essential in building trust within an organization but it is also crucial in maintenance of that trust. Trust is a precious but fragile commodity, it can be very challenging to create, but it can be easily weakened and even destroyed. Once that happens, trust can be extremely difficult to restore. Therefore, if an organization is to accomplish its objectives, its members must pull together but their willing to collaborate is not enough, they must know in which direction to pull. Organization objectives’ must be universally understood and accepted by its members. So here again the communication is vital. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Effective communication is triad consisting of leader, the members of the work group and the environment in which the work is to be performed. The leader’s job is to build an environment in which the framework can be achieved. One of the major objectives is to create and maintain credibility with the group work. Four factors influence this effort: drive, dependability, competence, and credibility. This effort is important in formal organization because its purpose is to provide specific instructions about the duties of the job and how to perform them. To provide the employees with rationale of doing particularly job an understanding about how that job relates to other jobs to provide necessary data regarding the procedures policies and practices of the organization, to provide performance feedback to employees regarding how they are doing and to provide information that will convey a sense of mission and an understanding of corporate goals. †¦.. Information is provided quickly and in a direct, face to face manner when presented orally, written method communication is more formality and permanent and quite often that is what formal communication is all about, the disadvantage for this is that the dozen of memos are sent weekly and effective downward communication can help improve organization performance. ( both writer and oral communication can complete the process of information downward the organization). However, management also need to focus on ways to improve upward communication the information flow from subordinates to superior. The main benefits for upward communication include: a. Feedback regarding employees’ altitudes and feelings b. Suggestions for improved procedures and techniques as well as for new ideas c. Feedback regarding how well the down ward communication system is working d. Information about production and goal attainments e. Request from subordinates for supplies, assistance and support. However, upwards communication is not seen as very effective. †¦. Effective communication is based on strategy. A manager communicates the parameter of actions to those who must act. The massage and message receivers of effective communication are based on intended economic results. Reputation is often overlooked in strategic planning. It is an attributed character that exists outside an organization and it is largely independent of it. A company can influence its reputation, but it cannot control it. Reputation is linked directly to credibility, indirectly to esteem†¦.. According to James,L (1995) Strategy and effective communication, Strategy is found together by communication which transmits goals, purposes and decisions to those who carry them out. it is inevitably found to individuals comprising an organization and how each person interprets the content of a strategy message. A company may move quickly at the top and ignore challenges of making strategic work at the bottom. Companies do not need to define their goals and strategies formally. They do not need to define them at all as long as they can communicate and gain coordinated action from participants in the economic transaction He adds that, Credibility becomes critical component of strategy when the key participant does not believe in a company’s goal and plans. A strategic message also must fit societal and governmental expectations if not, it can create dissonance. When a society expects a company to act one way and it acts in another, the company may find that public opinion, regulation and the law are thrown against it. Hence, its performance is disturbed †¦.. Traditionally, communication has been said to have four primary communication functions within the organization context a)An integrative function b)An informative function c)A command regulative function d)A persuasive function The informative function All members of the organization have the information that enable them to do their work. Informative communication is necessary to the performance of tasks, much of information desired by members of an organization has little to do with their actual tasks. For instance employee generally like to know the company’s financial standing how other division in the organization doing, how government regulations affect their organization and some of the personal achievements of employees. Such information does not assist the actual work flow in any direct sense but employees express a need to know it and the organization to know it and the organization should therefore ensure that they get it The command to regulative function A whole communication network of manuals, policies order, instructions and directives comprises the guidelines by which the entire organization is run and by its nature it only tells people what do not but at the same time rules out all their other alternatives. It is the means by which management exercises control of the system and managements’ ability to coordinate all the activities of organization depending on how well it executes this control Two characteristic of this command regulative function: one is they are peculiarly a management into prerogative. Orders and instructions always flow from superior down wards to subordinates. An order presumes the communication is in a position of authority to issue the command and to expect the receiver to comply Secondly, the content of the command and regulative message is essentially work oriented. They centre primarily on the task necessary to do one’s job. This is to say that, there must be communication system because employees at every level of organization need to know what is expected of them and what criticism are placed on their freedom to use their own judgment. Persuasive function Persuades function operates throughout the organization wherever people find it necessary to build a case for their ideas and their behaviors. Both managers and non- managers must use it. It is important to see how persuasive function supplements the command and regulative function because much of what happens in any organization happens because of persuasion rather them orders. †¦. Integrative function The whole range of communication activities designed by management to cause the employees to identify with the organization is hoped to feel that he/she is vital part of it. management has to design some channels of communication to keep the staff informed. They can use newsletters, newspapers, films and film, strips to explain the company’s financial picture/changes within the company. visits by top managements feel that building up the employees’ identification with the total company is worth the expenditure. Also the employee get sense of integrations through informal communication in the organization this is because, social relation among employees performs an integrated functions. Principles of effective communication According http://www. sideraod. com/ There are five principles which ensure effective communication the first principle is to get appropriate feedback. The second is to really connect with your audience, it is fallacy that the mere sending out of information is a communicative act. To connect with your audience you need to address their different needs as partners because communication is a two- way process. Decide what you want the outcome of your communication to be: to inform, persuade, shock, praise, criticize, shore, please, inspire. Whatever the aims is you need to plan your message medium, to trigger the emotion and cognitive responses that will ensure you engage you audience. The third principle of effective communication is to listen and understand first. Don’t send out a message until you know what your audience need. If you are concerned about the quality of somebody’s work. For example don’t, jump in and issue on official warning. First find out what the employees perception is. The fourth principle is to understand that communication is more than the surface meaning of words. You need to be able to interpret other people message. this is just another form of feedback for example, you make an announcement and your group is discussing the information with you they may feel inhabited about disagreeing openly but ready to signs because you don’t have to be openly aggressive to show disagreement: body language, kind of words they use, the tone of voice. Some body who is receptive will give you eye contact will rearm forward and will participate by asking questions , or offering to assist in some way The fifth principle is respect. To communicate with those we want to persuade we need to respect them. Just because they don’t agree with use, doesn’t make them inferior or wrong. They have cultural back grounds and history that have led them to a particular course of action. To translate that to the workplace, you will only gain the cooperation of employees if they know you respect them by not ignoring their needs and rights 2. 2 empirical literature reviews According to John Clark (2003) good communication is one of the missing ingredient to complete the essential tool for those who aspire to move into management, those who have recently taken on a managerial or supervisory role, and those who want to improve their effectiveness when dealing with people they manager or guide as well as improve their communication with other department in their company/organization. In any type of business, effective communication is essential because of information exchange and performance in organization. It is said that a business or organization is a human decision – making system in which the quality of the decision are determined by the effectiveness of communication apparatus when communication either by fax emails, telephone, text, memo or letters should ask ourselves if the message or instructions will be easily understood by the person receiving it. The most important limitations on people’s perception are often based or cultural or emotional differences. The fact that the unexpected communication may be resented is not the issue, what often happens is if the message has not actually been received at all. It has been neither hard nor seen when we communicate there are always demands that the recipient becomes some one, does things and believes something. Before we communicate we consider the recipient expectation and make reasonable assumptions about their expectation Effective communication is good for motivation. If the communication gels with the aspiration, the values and the point of view of the recipient, it is a powerful thing. However, if it goes against the goals and ambitions of that particular individual it is highly likely that the communication will either not be received at all or meet stiff resistance Communication process According http://www. amoils. com/ The message is sent to a receiver through a medium either verbally or non- verbally. The receiver then translates the words or non- verbal gestures into a concept information and return the feedback. The success of the transmission deepens on two factors content and context Content: Is the actual words/ symbols that constitutes a part of the message known as language. It should be either spoken/ write. We all interpret words in our own ways. So much so that even simple message could be understood differently. Context : is the way the message is delivered, the tone ,expressions in the sender’ s eyes, body language, hand gestures, and state of emotion (anger, fear, uncertainty, confidence and so on) As we believe what we see more that what we hear, we trust the accuracy of non verbal behavior more than verbal behavior. So when we communicate the other person notices two things: what we say and how we say it. Normally, communication is complete once we have conveyed the message properly, message hasn’t been communicated successfully unless the receiver understand it completely and this is done by using two way communication/feedback Values of communication According to Julias,T (1992) communication in our lives also say that communication has its value that are persona value which means that humans are taken into humanity which means that we gain personal identity as we communicate with others. Relationship value it means that communication is the key of foundation of relationship, also there is other value like professional value, as well as culture value which means that communication skills are important to the health of our society. 2. 3 theoretical frameworks Behavioral theory Business communication by Lehman and Dufrene,etal (1992) theory of communication include a recognition of the social situation in which an individual finds himself, he then examine the network through which communication flows and discuss the transmission and reception of information ,the individual response and his ability to make in his own behavior. Understanding of other’s personality is possible only after observation of how that person interacts with himself and others. Behavioral theory relate also to my topic because the manager of an organization is very important to understand the behavior of other workers so as to know how to control and organize the different issues in an organization through understanding the behavior of workers and through that the manager can bring positive change in organization because it become very easily for the him/her to maintain the issue of effective communication as well as to solve different problem that face organization by knowing behavior of his workers in organization. 2. 4 Research gap The other researchers concentrate much on providing meaning of communication and effective communication in an organization rather than other alternatives like identification of communication problems faced by the managers in the organization,means by which communication problems can be solved and how effective communication contribute to improve managerial performance to achieve organizational objectives, by doing so it’s now for authors to concentrate on other ways like giving out the origin, importance as well as effect of communication in an organization . this research intend to fill the gap. CHAPTER THREE 3. 0 METHODOLOGY 3. 1 Type of research The type of research used is qualitative used approach which places primary emphasis on inductive methods. This emphasis is derived from the preposition that each social system is uniquely constructed, meaning the things are different to different people (Anderson 1987:150) This approach is possible in this research in that it allows participants to present reality in their in their natural setting it is a systematic investigation that is used to understand the meaning of various phenomenon from how people perceive it (Kisilu 2006:70) Through this approach the research was able to get the information from respondents in their natural settings. The methods choosen for this research is to concentrate on respondents who will give the required information of about the importance of effective communication in improving organization performance 3. 2 Target population The target population in this research is TBL, its various publics few customers who use TBL products. The researcher takes into consideration that these people have been access of infor since they know hoe people work and communicate in their daily activities. The research choose this people because it can provide the information on if the effective communication the determinate of their organization performance. 3. 3 Sampling technique and Sample size A sample is selected populations form the whole population under study which represents the whole people. In this research sample are used with regards to problems of money, time and distance. The researcher used simple random technique which is a probability sample where each member each member of the people has on equal chance of being selected. It requires that each member of the people be dealt with in the exactly the same way. That is no fiasing, no stacking, of the deck in favor of certain member or against others (Anderson 1987:151). The sample size of the study had a total of 45 respondents The researcher selected the sample randomly form the organization and few customers depending on the scope of the study. Respondents form TSSL), 14 respondent external officials and customers and i3 respondents form various publics 3. 4 Data collection Data were collected through structural interview, questionnaire and observation. The collection technique used will add validity to the data collection than a single method 3. 5 Structure interview Interview involves presentation of oral – verbal stimuli and reply in terms of oral verbal response it can be used through personal or telephone interview. interview is good way of accessing peoples perceptions definition of situations and construction of reality The researcher interviewed the respondent ants to understand the importance of effective communication promoting the image of the organization. The researcher used structural interview because its good way that gives an opportunity for the researcher to observe and understand what the respondents explain to him/her in relation to the research topic 3. 6 Questionnaire Questionnaire consist of a number of questions printed/typed in definite order on a form or set of forms. The questionnaire can be mailed/distributed to respondents who are expected to read and understand and write down the reply it also allows respond, who are not easy approachable to be reached conveniently. The researcher uses self- administered questionnaire with both close and open questions 3. 7 Observation The research used observation so as to note facial expression and confidence of the respondents when responding questions. The information obtained under this methods related to what is currently happening it is also complicated by either the past behavior or future altitudes. So, by observing facial expression and confidence form the respondents the researcher gets more information .

Titration is a method to find out how much acid would neutralize an alkali Essays

Titration is a method to find out how much acid would neutralize an alkali   Essays Titration is a method to find out how much acid would neutralize an alkali   Essay Titration is a method to find out how much acid would neutralize an alkali   Essay The following equation shows the neutralisation reaction between iron and potassium manganate i will be carrying out this reaction in my experiment 5Fe2+(aq) + MnO4- (aq) + 8H+ 5Fe+3(aq)+Mn+2(aq) + 4H2O(l) We made the ammonium sulphate solution with the concentration of 0.05moldm3 with the volume 250cm3 To calculate the molecular mass i added up all the elements, (Fe(NH4)2 (SO4)2 6H2O), the molecular mass is 391.90 We can calculate the number of moles by using the following formula Number of moles = concentration x volume So 0.05 X 0.025(this has to be converted dm3) = 0.0125 APPARATUS: * Volumetric flask * 10 cm pipette * 100 cm conical flask * burette * distilled water * clamp stand * standard solution * Lab coats should be worn during the practical * Eye protection should also be worn Titration Rough 1 2 3 4 Initial burette reading 28.00 26.60 26.90 26.80 26.60 Titre 28.00 26.60 26.90 26.80 26.60 METHOD 1) set up apparatus 2) fill burette with potassium manganate solution 3) get 250ml of the standard solution transfer it to a flask using a pipette 4) while swirling add potassium manganate to the solution 5) use a white tile to see a colour change (pink) 6) record the end point the first will be rough repeat method to get concordant results Results Table Titration 1 2 3 4 5 Final reading 28.00 26.60 26.90 26.80 26.60 26.60 Average = 26.60cm3 5Fe2+(aq) + MnO4- (aq) + 8H+ 5Fe+3(aq)+Mn+2(aq) + 4H2O(l) The reaction shows that 5 moles of iron II neutralises 1 mole of potassium mangnate 0.00125/5 = 0.00025 From this we can work out the no of moles of potassium mangnate 0.000251000/26.60 = 0.0093 To find the percentage of iron i used this equation Moles of iron in 25cm3/moles in 25cm3XMr = 0.069/0.466=0.14263X100 = 14.8% i checked this value and compared my result to the original value of 14.3 and noticed i wasnt far off

Developing Leadership Capacities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Developing Leadership Capacities - Essay Example an seeing the leader as a co-equal of followers Transformational Theory Gives emphasis on the role of leadership in initiating and implementing change Attaches too much importance to the leader as a catalyst of change rather than to all the stakeholders as creators and performers of change Applying Theory U to Cross-Functional Team Leadership One theory of leadership which can help leaders positively transform cross-functional teams is theory U. The first step, going down the U’s left part, is referred to as ‘sensing’ or building up a perceived image of the organization’s present reality that should be understood and transformed (Scharmer, 2009). In a cross-functional team, it is important to develop highly committed members. ... The important questions to answer are: (1) what the team desires to create, (2) why it is important, (3) how to accomplish this, (4) who is responsible, and (5) when and where to perform this. By employing ‘sensing’, the leader of a cross-functional team is able to achieve its goal of improving service to key customers by (Kahane, 2010): (1) discovering shared ideas and perspective by sharing the story and situation that brought highly diverse people together in one team; (2) motivating and being an inspiration to the team; (3) training in deep-dive (‘do what you love, love what you do’ principle) processes and discussion interviews; (4) recognizing key stakeholders that have to be visited and known. Apparently, when relating to the team and the environment, a leader should set in motion and bring in the ‘four channels of listening’: â€Å"(1) listening from what you know, (2) from what surprises you, (3) from empathizing with the interviewee, and (4) listening from her or his authentic source or highest future possibility† (Anonymous, 2012, p. 10). Through ‘sensing’, a leader will be able to uncover the highest potential of every member of the cross-functional team with an open heart and mind. The second step is ‘presencing’, or a more profound understanding of one’s duty and function in the organization; after profoundly engrossing oneself in the perspectives and situations that are appropriate to a setting and its greatest future prospect, ‘presencing’ concentrates on tapping on a more profound source of understanding (Scharmer, 2009). In order for a leader of a cross-functional team to carry out the ‘presencing’ step successfully s/he should form circles where in s/he commits one

Organisations and Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 2

Organisations and Behaviour - Essay Example The organisational culture plays a very important role in the business and if the culture of an organisation is strong, then the businesses will be faced with a support to face the periods of low business performance. The cultures of an organisation help the business in the overall performance and also permit the organisation to learn from its mistakes and to overcome the challenges. The structure on the other hand refers to the structure of the management and the various levels of management that are present within the organization. Together both these play a very important role in the overall performance of the company and also provide a wide range of impact on the overall business performance. There are a number of factors that affect the individual behaviour at work and these include the MARS Model. Here in this model four interrelated elements have been described as the main cause that affects the employee performance. These include, motivation, Ability, Role Perception and Situational Factors (US Army Handbook, 1973). As explained by Bourassa, 2010, ‘These factors are highly interrelated; for example, a data analyst is skilled in running reports (ability), self taught on how to use the latest tools to extrapolate data (motivation), and understands how this information will help management make decisions (role perception), but does not have the required access to the data files (situational factors). Unless all of the elements of the MARS model are satisfied, employee behaviour and performance will be negatively impacted’ (Bourassa, 2010). Apart from these factors, there are also a number of other factors that impact the employee behaviour at work and these include the leadership styles used within the company and the overall working conditions of the company (Beer, et.al., 1985). a) Michigan Model of